Steel is by far the world's most important, multi-functional, and most adaptable material. The excellent mechanical properties of advanced steels are determined by their microstructure. While the microstructural characterization is widely spread and well known, the microstructural classification is done manually by human experts, which results in uncertainties due to subjectivity. The lack of objective microstructural classification methods is a barrier for the further development of a new generation of advanced steels. The goal of this project is to develop objective microstructural classification methods for all types of advanced steels. This goal leads us to utilize state-of-the-art Deep Learning methods due to their strong ability to learn high-level features from raw input data. A newly established laboratory at the ISI Brno will be the Czech-first laboratory dedicated to the application of Artificial Intelligence in materials research.